Biochemistry for MBBS students

TOPICS & SUBTOPICS

Introduction to biochemistry

Cell

Cell organelles - structure and function

Membrane structure and functions Transport across cell membrane

Carbohydrates

Introduction & Classification

Monosaccharides & isomerism

Disaccharides

Homopolysaccharides

Heteropolysaccharide

Proteins

Classification of amino acids Properties of amino acids &

Biologically active peptides Biologically active amines

Classifications of proteins

Physical properties of proteins

Levels of protein organisation Determination of protein structure

Plasma proteins & their functions

Immunoglobulins-types, structure & functions

Enzymes

Introduction & Terminology

Nomenclature & Classification of enzymes

Coenzymes, Metalloenzyrne, Mechanism of action, Km

Active centre & Factors influencing enzymes activity  (Enzymes, Substrate, pH,Temp & Time)

Enzymes activation & inhibition

Regulation of enzymatic activity

Diagnostic importance of Enzymes, isoenzymes

Lipids

Introduction & Classification

Simple lipids-Structure & properties

Compound & derived lipids

Phospholipids- Structure & functions

Fatty acids & Steroids- cholesterol

Informational molecules-Nucleic acids

Nitrogenous Bases, Nucleosides, Nucleotides

Structures, types, functions of DNA

Structures, types, functions of RNAs Biologically Active Nucleotides

Vitamins

Introduction & classification

Structures, functions, RDA, Dietary sources, deficiency diseases of fat soluble & water soluble vitamins

Vitamin A

Vitamins D

Vitamin E & K

Vitamins B1& B2

Vitamins B3,B5,B6

Folic acid & Vitamin B12

Other B complex vitamins

Vitamin C

Hemoglobin

Structures, types & functions of Hb

Thalesemia, sickle cell anemia

Porpyrin, Porphyrinogen and their metabolism

Porphyrias, heme catabolism

Abnormal hemoglobin

Biological oxidation

Thermodynamics Biological Oxidation Shuttle systems

ETC & its inhibitors

Oxidative-phosphorylation, Uncouplers, Ionophores

Carbohydrate metabolism

Introduction to metabolism & Digestion & absorption of disacchraides & polysaccharides

Glycolysis & its regulation

Citric acid cycle

Glycogen metabolism Glycogen storage disease

Gluconeogenesis & its substrates

HMP Shunt & G6PD deficiency

Metabolism of fructose, galactose

Genetic disorders associated with carbo.metabolism

Blood glucose regulation & Diabetes mellitus

Protein metabolism

Digestion & absorption of proteins & Amino Acid pool

General fate of Amino acids

Ammonia detoxification, transamination & deamination & their significance

Urea cycle & associated disorders

1 C metabolism,

Metabolism of individual amino acids & their inborn errors of metabolism

Synthesis of Biochemically important compoundes from AA & Protein malnutrition

Lipid metabolism

Digestion, absorption & disorders

Fatty acid biosynthesis

Oxidation of fatty acids

Ketone body metabolism & Ketosis

Phospholipids and TG metabolism

Cholesterol metabolism

Eicosanoids

Lipoprotein composition & metabolism, Lipoproteinemias

Nucleic acid metabolism

Purine & pyramidine metabolism, regulation and disorders

Biochemical genetics

Central dogma of life Replication & proof reading

Transcription & post transcriptional modification

Genetic code,

Translation, Post translational modifications & Inhibitors

Mutation- types & clinical importance

Recombinant DNA technology

Restriction endonucleases, DNA Probe, DNA Finger printing, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Blotting techniques, gene library, human genome project Monoclonal antibodies etc.

Mineral metabolism

Principal elements

Trace elements

Integrated metabolism

Integration of metabolic pathways

Metabolism of xenobiotics (Detoxification)

Free radicals & Antioxidants

Biochemistry of Cancer

pH & Acid-base regulation

Water & Electrolyte regulation

Tools & Techniques of biochemistry

Methods of study of metabolism

Radioactive isotopes as tracers

Photometry- colorimetry

Chromatography-principle, applications & types

Electrophoresis- principle, applications & types

Immunometric assays- ELISA, RIA

Ultracentrifugation.

Environmental pollution & Toxicology

Organ function tests

Gastrointestinal function tests

Liver function Tests

Cardiac function Tests

Kidney function tests

Thyroid & other endocrine function tests

Tumor markers